Battery System - Service Information

BATTERY SYSTEM - SERVICE INFORMATION

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BATTERY SYSTEM

This vehicle is equipped with a single 12-volt battery. All of the components of the battery system are located within the engine compartment of the vehicle. The battery system for this vehicle contains the following components:

 Battery - The storage battery provides a reliable means of storing a renewable source of electrical energy within the vehicle.  Battery Cables - The battery cables connect the positive and negative charged battery terminal posts to the vehicle electrical system.  Battery Hold down - The battery hold down hardware secures the battery in the battery tray.

 Battery Thermal Guard - The battery thermal guard insulates the battery to protect it from engine compartment temperature extremes.  Battery Tray - The battery tray provides a secure mounting location in the vehicle for the battery and an anchor point for the battery hold down hardware.

For battery system maintenance schedules, refer to DESCRIPTION . For the proper jump starting procedures, refer to STANDARD PROCEDURE .

BATTERY SYSTEM

The battery system is designed to provide a safe, efficient, reliable and mobile means of delivering and storing electrical energy. This electrical energy is required to operate the engine starting system, as well as to operate many of the other vehicle accessory systems for limited durations while the engine and/or the charging system are not operating. The battery system is also designed to provide a reserve of electrical energy to supplement the charging system for short durations while the engine is running and the electrical current demands of the vehicle exceed the output of the charging system. In addition to delivering, and storing electrical energy for the vehicle, the battery system serves as a capacitor and voltage stabilizer for the vehicle electrical system. It absorbs most abnormal or transient voltages caused by the switching of any of the electrical components or circuits in the vehicle.

BATTERY SYSTEM

The battery, starting, and charging systems in the vehicle operate with one another and must be tested as a complete system. In order for the engine to start and the battery to maintain its charge properly, all of the

components that are used in these systems must perform within specifications. It is important that the battery, starting, and charging systems be thoroughly tested and inspected any time a battery needs to be charged or replaced. The cause of abnormal battery discharge, overcharging or early battery failure must be diagnosed and corrected before a battery is replaced and before a vehicle is returned to service. The service information for these systems has been separated within this service information to make it easier to locate the specific information you are seeking. However, when attempting to diagnose any of these systems, it is important that you keep their interdependency in mind.

The diagnostic procedures used for the battery, starting, and charging systems include the most basic conventional diagnostic methods, to the more sophisticated On-Board Diagnostics (OBD) built into the Powertrain Control Module (PCM). Use of an induction-type milliampere ammeter, a volt/ohmmeter, a battery charger, a carbon pile rheostat (load tester) and a 12-volt test lamp may be required. All OBD-sensed systems are monitored by the PCM. Each monitored circuit is assigned a Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC). The PCM will store a DTC in electronic memory for any failure it detects. Refer to DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING for the proper charging system on-board diagnostic test procedures.

MICRO 420 ELECTRICAL SYSTEM TESTER

The Micro 420 automotive battery system tester is designed to help diagnose the cause of a defective battery. See STANDARD PROCEDURE for directions on using the Micro 420 battery tester.

CONDITION POSSIBLE CAUSES CORRECTION

THE BATTERY SEEMS WEAK 1. The electrical system 1. See STANDARD PROCEDURE for the

OR DEAD WHEN            ignition-off draw is      proper test procedures. Repair the excessive
ATTEMPTING TO START THE excessive.                ignition-off draw, as required.
ENGINE.                 2. The charging system is 2. Determine if the charging system is
                        inoperative.              performing to specifications, refer to

DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING . Repair the inoperative charging system, as required.

                        3. The battery is         3. Determine the battery state-of-charge
                        discharged.               using the Micro 420 battery tester, see

STANDARD PROCEDURE. Charge the battery as required. 4. The battery terminal 4. See DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING. connections are loose or Clean and tighten the battery terminal

                        corroded.                 connections, as required.
                        5. The battery has an     5. See SPECIFICATIONS for the proper

incorrect size or rating size and rating. Replace an incorrect

                        for this vehicle.         battery, as required.
                        6. The battery is         6. Determine the battery cranking capacity
                        inoperative.              using the Micro 420 battery tester, see

STANDARD PROCEDURE. Replace the inoperative battery, as required. 7. The starting system is 7. Determine if the starting system is inoperative. performing to specifications. Refer to DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING . Repair the

inoperative starting system, as required.

                                  8. The battery is          8. Inspect the battery for loose terminal
                                  physically damaged.        posts or a cracked and leaking case. Replace

the damaged battery, as required.

THE BATTERY STATE OF	1. The battery has an	1. See SPECIFICATIONS for the proper
CHARGE CANNOT BE	incorrect size or rating size and rating. Replace an incorrect
MAINTAINED.	for this vehicle.	battery, as required.

2. The battery terminal 2. See DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING. connections are loose or Clean and tighten the battery terminal corroded. connections, as required. 3. The electrical system 3. See STANDARD PROCEDURE for the

                                  ignition-off draw is       proper test procedures. Repair the
                                  excessive.                 inoperative electrical system, as required.
                                  4. The battery is          4. Test the battery using the Micro 420
                                  inoperative.               battery tester, see STANDARD

PROCEDURE. Replace the inoperative battery, as required. 5. The starting system is 5. Determine if the starting system is inoperative. performing to specifications. Refer to DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING . Repair the inoperative starting system, as required. 6. The charging system is 6. Determine if the charging system is inoperative. performing to specifications, refer to DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING . Repair the inoperative charging system, as required. 7. Electrical loads exceed 7. Inspect the vehicle for aftermarket

                                  the output of the          electrical equipment which might cause
                                  charging system.           excessive electrical loads.
                                  8. Slow driving or         8. Advise the vehicle operator, as required.

prolonged idling with high-amperage draw systems in use.

THE BATTERY WILL NOT	1. The battery is	1. Test the battery using the Micro 420
ACCEPT A CHARGE.	inoperative.	battery tester, see STANDARD

PROCEDURE. Replace the inoperative battery, as required.

ELECTRONIC STABILITY PROGRAM (ESP)📷 1

If the vehicle is equipped with ESP, once the battery is reconnected, the Steering Angle Sensor (SAS) in the clockspring needs to be calibrated. The SAS requires calibration anytime the battery or an ABS (ESP) component has been disconnected for any length of time. If the SAS is not calibrated following battery reconnection, the ESP/BAS indicator lamp is illuminated following five ignition cycles indicating the need for calibration.

To calibrate, perform the following:

1. Start the engine. 2. Center the steering wheel. 3. Turn the steering wheel all the way to the left until the internal stop in the steering gear is met, then turn the wheel all the way to the right until the opposite internal stop in the steering gear is met. 4. Center the steering wheel. 5. Stop the engine.

BATTERY SYSTEM📷 2

The following information details the recommended cleaning procedures for the battery and related components. In addition to the maintenance schedules found in this service information and the Owner's Manual, it is recommended that these procedures be performed any time the battery or related components must be removed for vehicle service.

Wire Brush

1. Clean the battery cable terminal clamps (2) of all corrosion. Remove any corrosion using a wire brush (1) or a post and terminal cleaning tool, and a sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) and warm water cleaning solution. 2. Clean the battery tray and battery hold down hardware of all corrosion. Remove any corrosion using a wire brush and a sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) and warm water cleaning solution. Paint any exposed bare metal.

3. If the removed battery is to be reinstalled, clean the outside of the battery case (3) and the top cover with a sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) and warm water cleaning solution using a stiff bristle parts cleaning brush (1) to remove any acid film. Rinse the battery with clean water. Ensure that the cleaning solution does not enter the battery cells through the vent holes. If the battery is being replaced. See SPECIFICATIONS for the factory-installed battery specifications. Confirm that the replacement battery is the correct size and has the correct ratings for the vehicle. 4. Clean the battery thermal guard with a sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) and warm water cleaning solution using a stiff bristle parts cleaning brush to remove any acid film.

Terminal Cleaner

5. Clean any corrosion from the battery terminal posts with a wire brush or a post and terminal cleaner, and a sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) and warm water cleaning solution.

BATTERY SYSTEM📷 1

The following information details the recommended inspection procedures for the battery and related components. In addition to the maintenance schedules found in this service information and the owner's manual, it is recommended that these procedures be performed any time the battery or related components must be removed for vehicle service.

1. Inspect the battery cable terminal clamps for damage. Replace any battery cable that has a damaged or deformed terminal clamp. 2. Inspect the battery tray and battery hold down hardware for damage. Replace any damaged parts. 3. Slide the thermal guard off of the battery case (if equipped). Inspect the battery case for cracks or other damage that could result in electrolyte leaks. Also, check the battery terminal posts for looseness. Batteries with damaged cases or loose terminal posts must be replaced. 4. Inspect the battery thermal guard for tears, cracks, deformation or other damage (if equipped). Replace any battery thermal guard that has been damaged. 5. Inspect the battery built-in test indicator sight glass (if equipped) for an indication of the battery condition. If the battery is discharged, charge as required.

BATTERY SYSTEM

The battery Group Size number, the Cold Cranking Amperage (CCA) rating, and the Reserve Capacity (RC) rating or Ampere-Hours (AH) rating can be found on the original equipment battery label. Be certain that a replacement battery has the correct Group Size number, as well as CCA, and RC or AH ratings that equal or exceed the original equipment specification for the vehicle being serviced. Battery sizes and ratings are discussed in more detail below.

 Group Size - The outside dimensions and terminal placement of the battery conform to standards established by the Battery Council International (BCI). Each battery is assigned a BCI Group Size number to help identify a correctly-sized replacement.  Cold Cranking Amperage - The Cold Cranking Amperage (CCA) rating specifies how much current (in amperes) the battery can deliver for thirty seconds at -18° C (0° F). Terminal voltage must not fall below 7.2 volts during or after the thirty second discharge period. The CCA required is generally higher as engine displacement increases, depending also upon the starter current draw requirements.  Reserve Capacity - The Reserve Capacity (RC) rating specifies the time (in minutes) it takes for battery terminal voltage to fall below 10.5 volts, at a discharge rate of 25 amperes. RC is determined with the battery fully-charged at 26.7° C (80° F). This rating estimates how long the battery might last after a charging system failure, under minimum electrical load.  Ampere-Hours - The Ampere-Hours (AH) rating specifies the current (in amperes) that a battery can deliver steadily for twenty hours, with the voltage in the battery not falling below 10.5 volts. This rating is also sometimes identified as the twenty-hour discharge rating.  Load Test Amperage - The Load Test Amperage rating specifies the current (in amperes) that a battery should be tested at with the battery load test equipment. This value should always be 50 percent of the CCA. For example: if the CCA for this battery is 700 amps, the Load Test Amperage is 50 percent of that or 350 amps.