Steering — FSM

Overview

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STEERING SYSTEM

Power steering systems consist of:

Steering column & Intermediate Shaft Rack and pinion steering gear Belt driven hydraulic steering pump Pump pressure, supply and return hoses Oil Cooler

STEERING SYSTEM

The steering column intermediate shaft attaches the steering column to the gear pinion. The rotation of the pinion moves the gear rack from side-to-side. This lateral action of the rack pushes and pulls the tie rods to change the direction of the front wheels.

Power assist is provided by an engine mounted hydraulic pump. The pump supplies hydraulic fluid to the steering gear. All vehicles are equipped with an oil cooler.

POWER STEERING FLOW AND PRESSURE

1 - TUBE 2 - ADAPTER FITTINGS 3 - ANALYZER 4 - GAUGE HOSE

The following procedure is used to test the operation of the power steering system on the vehicle. This test will provide the gallons per minute (GPM) or flow rate of the power steering pump along with the maximum relief pressure. Perform test any time a power steering system problem is present. This test will determine if the power steering pump or power steering gear is not functioning properly. The following pressure and flow test is performed using Power Steering Analyzer Tool kit 6815 and Adapter Kit 6893. See Fig. 1.

FLOW AND PRESSURE TEST📷 2

1 - TUBE 2 - ADAPTER FITTINGS 3 - ANALYZER 4 - GAUGE HOSE

1. Check the power steering belt to ensure it is in good condition and adjusted properly. 2. Connect pressure gauge hose from the Power Steering Analyzer to Tube 6844. 3. Connect Adapter 6826 to Power Steering Analyzer test valve end. 4. Disconnect the high pressure hose from the power steering pump. 5. Connect the tube to the pump hose fitting. 6. Connect the power steering hose from the steering gear to the adapter. 7. Open the test valve completely. 8. Start engine and let idle long enough to circulate power steering fluid through flow/pressure test gauge and to get air out of the fluid. Then shut off engine. 9. Check fluid level, add fluid as necessary. Start engine again and let idle. 10. Check for air bubbles, evacuate if necessary.

11. Gauge should read below 862 kPa (125 psi). If above, inspect the hoses for restrictions and repair as necessary. The initial pressure reading should be in the range of 345-552 kPa (50-80 psi). 12. Increase the engine speed to 1500 RPM and read the flow meter. If the flow rate (GPM) is below specification, (refer to PUMP SPECIFICATION chart for GPM) the pump should be replaced.

CAUTION: The following test procedure involves testing maximum pump pressure output and flow control valve operation. Do not leave valve closed for more than three seconds as the pump could be damaged.

13. Close valve fully three times and record highest pressure indicated each time. All three readings must be above specifications and within 345 kPa (50 psi) of each other. Pressures above specifications but not within 345 kPa (50 psi) of each other, replace pump. Pressures within 345 kPa (50 psi) of each other but below specifications, replace pump. 14. Open the test valve and turn the steering wheel to the extreme left and right positions three times against the stops. Record the highest pressure reading at each position. Compare readings to the pump specifications chart. If pressure readings are not within 50 psi of each other, the gear is leaking internally and must be replaced.

CAUTION: Do not force the pump to operate against the stops for more than 2 to 3 seconds at a time because, pump damage will result.

RPM 10342 kPa, PREFERRED (1450 psi) with a

ALL 2.4 - 2.8 MAX 1550 psi & 7929 kPa, MIN (1400 psi)

STEERING SYSTEM DIAGNOSIS CHARTS

NOTE: There are three diagnosis charts following that cover NOISE, VIBRATION AND

CONDITION POSSIBLE CAUSES EVALUATION/CORRECTION

OBJECTIONABLE HISS	1. Damaged or	1. Check to ensure boot is properly installed
OR WHISTLE WHILE	mispositioned steering	and seals against sheet metal. Reposition or
TURNING STEERING	column shaft/coupling dash replace steering column shaft/coupling dash
WHEEL WHEN	boot seal.	boot seal as necessary.

MOVING SLOWLY*

2. Mis-routed power            2. Check routing of power steering hoses.
                            steering hose.                 Ensure hoses do not come in unwanted contact

with other components and objects.

3. Using an electronic listening tool, determine 3. Restriction in pressure or - if noise is coming from either pressure or return return hose. hose. Replace hose that noise is present within.

                    4. Noisy valve in power       4. For evaluation and correction, see
                    steering gear.                DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING.

RATTLE OR EXCESSIVE 1. Power steering gear loose 1. Check fastener torque and tighten to

CLUNK**             on engine                     specifications. Replace as necessary. Check
                    cradle/crossmember.           steering wheel center following repair.
                    2. Loose strut assembly       2. Check fastener torque and tighten to

mounting fasteners at tower specifications. or knuckle. 3. Excessive play in outer 3. For evaluation and correction, see

                    tie rod.                      DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING.
                    4. Engine                     4. Check fastener torque and tighten to
                    cradle/crossmember            specifications. Inspect bushings and repair as

mounting fasteners loose at necessary. frame or bushings worn. 5. Wheel Mounting (Lug) 5. Inspect wheel mounting (Lug) nuts and studs nuts loose. and repair as necessary. Tighten nuts to

Specifications

6. Power steering hose 6. For evaluation and correction, see touching the body or frame DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING. of vehicle. 7. Stabilizer bar link joints 7. At park, jounce only one side of vehicle front worn (occurs with steering to exercise stabilizer bar. Replace stabilizer bar input only when moving, link. not stationary). 8. Loose lower control arm 8. Check control arm mounting bolts and mounting bolts at engine tighten to specified torque. cradle, frame or crossmember (occurs with steering input only when moving, not stationary). 9. Rotate intermediate (steering) shaft in 9. Loose intermediate shaft relationship to gear, checking for free-play. - or column. Check column fasteners and tighten to specifications as necessary. 10. Lower control arm pivot 10. Inspect bushings for wear and replace lower bushing worn (occurs with control arm as necessary. steering input only when moving, not stationary). 11. Internal power steering 11. Drive vehicle on rough road, then steer gear noise. rapidly back and forth when stopped. Replace power steering gear as necessary. - 12. Loose inner tie rod. 12. For evaluation and correction, see

Diagnosis & testing

-	13. Damaged engine	13. Inspect the cradle/crossmember for cracks
cradle/crossmember.	or other damage. Replace as necessary.
POPPING NOISE	1. Loose steering gear	1. Check fasteners for proper torque and
mounting fasteners.	retighten as necessary.
-	2. Loose outer tie rod	2. Check fastener torque. Replace nuts as
mounting nut or jam nut.	necessary and tighten to specifications.

3. Loose intermediate 3. Make sure coupling is fully seated on gear - (steering) shaft coupling at input shaft. Retighten or re-seat as necessary. gear input shaft. 4. Worn tie rod (outer or 4. For evaluation and correction, see -

                          inner).                        DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING.
-                         5. Worn axle half-shaft.       5. For evaluation and correction, refer to

Diagnosis & testing

CHIRP OR SQUEAL	1. Loose power steering	1. Inspect belt. Replace belt if worn or glazed.
(POWER STEERING	pump drive belt.	Tighten/adjust power steering pump drive belt
PUMP)	if equipped with a manual tensioner.

2. Pulley alignment - 2. Realign accessory drives. incorrect.

-                  3. Malfunctioning belt auto- 3. Verify belt tension. Replace belt auto-
                   tensioner                    tensioner.
                   4. Power steering pump       4. Using an electronic listening tool, determine
-                  noisy (worn bearing/bushing if noise is coming from pump. Replace power
                   noise).                      steering pump as required.

5. Using an electronic listening tool, determine 5. Generator or water pump - if noise is coming from Generator or water noisy. pump. Replace faulty component. WHINE, GROWL, MOAN 1. Low power steering fluid 1. Fill power steering fluid reservoir to proper

OR GROAN (POWER    level.                       level and check for leaks (make sure all air is
STEERING PUMP)***                               bled from the system fluid).

2. Inspect for excessive air bubbles in fluid (fluid will appear foamy and lighter in color). 2. Air in power steering - Inspect hoses for leaks and replace as fluid. necessary. Bleed air from fluid. See

Standard procedure

Power steering hose 3. For evaluation and correction, see

touching body or frame of DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING. vehicle. - 4. Wear of power steering 4. For evaluation and correction, see pump internal components. DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING. COLD START WHINE 1. Low power steering fluid 1. Fill power steering fluid reservoir to proper OR MOAN (POWER level. level and check for leaks (make sure all air is STEERING PUMP)*** bled from the system fluid). - 2. Extremely low ambient 2. Some noise is expected as pump attempts to temperature (near 0 F° (-18 pull cold, thick fluid. Noise should go away as C°) or below) vehicle warms up. Acceptable levels of excessive noise are one second at 0 F° (-18 C°) and 15 seconds at -20 F° (-29 C°). If noise is excessive, look for poor sealing on the return hose or a possible fluid leak. SQUEAKING OR 1. Steering column shroud 1. While turning the steering wheel, listen down RUBBING SOUND or shaft rubbing. column to locate. Check interference between moving components. Move or realign shrouds or shaft as necessary. Replace components if this does not correct problem. - 2. Clockspring inside 2. Remove clockspring and reinstall steering steering column noisy. wheel for testing. If noise is gone, replace clockspring. - 3. Boot/dash seal lubrication 3. Remove boot seal and recheck for noise. inadequate. Lubricate seal as necessary. - 4. Steering gear outer tie rod 4. While a helper turns the steering wheel, use noisy. an electronic listening tool to determine if noise is coming from either outer tie rod. Replace outer tie rods as necessary. - 5. Steering gear internally 5. Remove dash seal boot, then exercise the noisy. steering wheel. If noise is still present at gear, replace steering gear. SCRUBBING OR 1. Incorrect tire or wheel 1. Replace incorrect size tire or wheel with KNOCKING SOUND. size. original equipment size.

Drive vehicle, moving accelerator pedal

Worn motor or rapidly up and down attempting to locate noise.

- transmission mount. Try in both forward and reverse. Replace mounts as necessary.

Make sure wheel house is properly

positioned. If not, reposition as necessary. If steering wheel is properly centered, check

Tires contacting wheel steering gear travel left to right by rotating the

- well. steering wheel to each stop. Steering wheel should rotate the same amount in both directions from center. If not, replace steering gear. - 4. Interference between 4. Check for bent or misaligned components. moving steering Correct or replace as necessary. components and other components. - 5. Accessory drive pulley 5. Check pulleys for wear. Check for worn rubbing against another engine or transmission mount. Reposition component. components or replace mounts as necessary.

NOTE

* There is some noise in all power steering systems. One of the most common is a hissing sound evident when turning the steering wheel when at a standstill or when parking and the steering wheel is at the end of its travel. Hiss is a very high frequency noise similar to that experienced while slowly closing a water

tap. The noise is present in every valve and results when high velocity fluid passes valve orifice edges. There is no relationship between this noise and the performance of the steering system.

NOTE

** A light clunk may be felt or heard during steering wheel reversal while vehicle is stationary. This results from internal steering gear rack movement at the bushings and in no way affects the performance of the steering system. This movement may be felt in the steering components during steering wheel reversal.

NOTE

*** Power steering pump growl/moan/groan results from the development of high pressure fluid flow. Normally this noise level should not be high enough to be objectionable.

CONDITION POSSIBLE CAUSES EVALUATION/CORRECTION

STEERING WHEEL OR COLUMN 1. Loose coupling 1. Check pinch bolt torque. Replace HAS FREEPLAY/LASH/LOOSENESS pinch bolt at gear input pinch bolt if equipped with thread (CLUNKING OR RATTLING) shaft. locker patch and tighten to

Specifications

2. Power steering gear 2. Inspect gear mounting bolts. Replace

-                           loose on                 if necessary and tighten to
                            cradle/crossmember.      specifications.

3. Excessive freeplay or 3. Replace steering column. noise from steering column bearings. 4. Excessive 4. Rotate steering wheel back-and-forth intermediate (steering) while watching coupling. Observe for - shaft coupling u-joint free-play. Replace intermediate shaft as free-play. necessary. 5. Loose or worn outer 5. For evaluation and correction, see - tie rod. DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING. 6. For evaluation, refer to DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING . Lubricate ball joint if 6. Lack of lubrication equipped with a zerk fitting and check - in lower ball joint or for function. If not equipped with a zerk ball joint is damaged. fitting, test and replace ball joint as necessary.

-                           7. Excessive lash inside 7. Disconnect intermediate shaft and
                            steering gear.           turn steering gear input shaft. Observe

for any movement without a corresponding tire movement. Replace steering gear as necessary.

STEERING WHEEL HAS FORE AND 1. Steering wheel        1. Check steering wheel retaining bolt
AFT LOOSENESS.              retaining bolt loose.    torque and tighten to specifications as

necessary. 2. Loose steering 2. Check steering column to instrument column to instrument panel fastener torque and tighten to

                            panel fasteners.         specifications as necessary.
                            3. Steering column       3. Pull steering wheel fore-and-aft while
                            lower bearing spring     observing movement. Replace steering
                            retainer slipped on      column as necessary.

steering column shaft.

STEERING WHEEL, DASH OR     1. Air in power steering 1. Inspect for excessive air bubbles in
VEHICLE VIBRATES DURING     fluid.                   fluid (fluid will appear foamy and
STEERING MANEUVERS                                   lighter in color). Inspect hoses for leaks
(ESPECIALLY AT LOW SPEED OR                          and replace as necessary. Bleed air from
STANDSTILL).                                         fluid. See STANDARD

PROCEDURE.

2. Tire(s) not properly 2. Check and inflate tires to the

                            inflated.                specified pressure.
                            3. Excessive engine      3. Ensure that the engine is tuned
                            vibration.               properly.
                            4. Loose tie rod end     4. Check torque and tighten the inner to
                            jam nut.                 outer tie rod jam nut to specifications.
                            5. Overcharged air       5. Turn A/C off and verify issue goes
                            conditioning (A/C)       away. Repair A/C as necessary.

system. - 6. Grounded, damaged 6. Visually inspect for damaged or or loose engine mount. misaligned mounts. Check fastener torque. Replace, realign or retighten as necessary. 7. Loose or worn outer 7. For evaluation and correction, see -

                            tie rod.                 DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING.
-                           8. Steering gear noisy. 8. During a parking event at 0 mph,

verify there is vibration only with steering. Steer in both directions and verify that the noise follows the steering input. Check TSB's for any known issues. Replace steering gear as necessary. STEERING CATCHES, SURGES OR 1. Low power steering 1. Check fluid level and fill to proper

STICKS IN CERTAIN POSITIONS fluid level.             level as necessary. Check for leaks.
OR IS DIFFICULT TO TURN.                             Make sure all air is bled from system.

2. Tire(s) not properly 2. Check and inflate tires to the inflated. specified pressure. 3. Loose or slipping power 3. Verify belt tension. Replace belt - steering/accessory drive auto-tensioner and belt as necessary. belt. 4. Lack of lubrication 4. For evaluation, refer to DIAGNOSIS

                             in lower ball joint or   AND TESTING . Lubricate ball joint if
                             ball joint is damaged.   equipped with a zerk fitting and check

for function. If not equipped with a zerk fitting, test and replace ball joint as necessary.

                             5. Lack of lubrication   5. For evaluation and correction, see
                             in steering gear outer   DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING.

tie rod end(s).

                             6. Faulty power          6. Perform Power Steering Flow and
                             steering pump.           Pressure Test. See DIAGNOSIS AND

TESTING. Look for low or erratic flow or pressure. Replace power steering pump as necessary. 7. Excessive friction in 7. Disconnect intermediate

                             intermediate             shaft/coupler at steering gear and check
                             shaft/coupler joint.     joint for smooth operation in all

directions. Replace intermediate shaft/coupler joint. 8. Excessive friction in 8. Disconnect intermediate steering column. shaft/coupler at steering gear. Turn steering wheel two revolutions in either direction from on center and check for smooth operation. DO NOT turn past two revolutions. Damage to the clockspring may occur. Replace steering column as necessary. 9. Worn or binding seat 9. Disconnect outer tie rod ends from

                             and bearing in front     knuckles, then turn tire and wheel
                             strut assembly.          assembly checking for smooth

operation. Replace front strut assembly seat and bearing.

-                            10. Faulty steering      10. With vehicle on hoist, tires
                             gear.                    unsupported and engine off, steer gear

throughout travel and check for smooth operation. Replace steering gear (only after all previous components have been checked).

STEERING WHEEL DOES NOT      1. Tire(s) not properly 1. Check and inflate tires to the
RETURN TO CENTER POSITION.   inflated.                specified pressure.

2. Improper front wheel 2. Check and adjust wheel alignment as alignment. necessary. 3. Lack of lubrication 3. For evaluation, refer to DIAGNOSIS in lower ball joint or AND TESTING . Lubricate ball joint if ball joint is damaged. equipped with a zerk fitting and check for function. If not equipped with a zerk fitting, test and replace ball joint as necessary.

4. Excessive friction in 4. Disconnect intermediate

                            intermediate             shaft/coupler at steering gear and check
                            shaft/coupler joint.     joint for smooth operation in all

directions. Replace intermediate shaft/coupler joint. 5. Excessive friction in 5. Disconnect intermediate steering column. shaft/coupler at steering gear. Turn steering wheel two revolutions in either direction from on center and check for smooth operation. DO NOT turn past two revolutions. Damage to the clockspring may occur. Replace steering column as necessary. 6. Worn or binding seat 6. Disconnect steering gear outer tie rod

                            and bearing in front     ends at knuckles, then turn tire and
                            strut assembly.          wheel assembly in and out checking for

smooth operation. Replace seat and bearing as necessary. 7. Excessive friction in 7. With vehicle on hoist, tires power steering gear. unsupported and engine off, steer gear throughout travel and check for smooth operation. Replace steering gear (only after all previous components have been checked).

EXCESSIVE STEERING WHEEL    1. Air in power steering 1. Inspect for excessive air bubbles in
KICKBACK FROM ROAD INPUTS   fluid.                   fluid (fluid will appear foamy and

lighter in color). Inspect hoses for leaks and replace as necessary. Bleed air from fluid. See STANDARD

PROCEDURE.

2. Power steering gear 2. Inspect gear mounting bolts. Replace

                            loose on                 if necessary and tighten to
                            cradle/crossmember.      specifications.
                            3. Steering column,      3. Rotate steering wheel back-and-forth
                            coupling or              while inspecting intermediate shaft

intermediate shaft worn going into steering gear. Look for or loose. excessive free-play. Retighten if loose bolt is found. Replace steering column, coupling or intermediate shaft if necessary. 4. Power steering pump 4. Perform Power Steering Flow and flow is too low. Pressure Test. See DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING. Look for low or erratic flow or pressure. Replace power steering pump as necessary.

CONDITION POSSIBLE CAUSES EVALUATION/CORRECTION

LOW FLUID LEVEL	1. Loose power	1. Check torque on all tube nuts (at gear and pump).
WITH VISIBLE	steering hose fittings or Inspect clamps at all rubber hose connections for correct
LEAK.	connections.	position, damage and tension. Tighten tube nuts as

required. Reposition or replace clamps at hose connections. Clean joints and reinspect for leaks.

-                   2. Damaged or missing 2. Remove tube nut and inspect O-ring. If damaged or
                    O-ring at power           missing, replace O-ring. Clean joints and reinspect for

steering hose tube nuts. leaks. 3. Clean fluid from around suspect areas. Run vehicle 3. Power steering line - and inspect for leaks. Look inside reservoir to see if air or hose failure. is being ingested. Replace hoses as necessary.

                    4. Power steering         4. Clean fluid from around suspect areas. Run vehicle
                    component leaking         and inspect for leaks. Look inside reservoir to see if air
                    (reservoir, pump,         is being ingested. Replace power steering component as
                    gear).                    necessary.
AERATED FLUID.*     1. Low power steering 1. Check fluid level and fill to proper level as necessary.
                    fluid level.              Check for leaks. Make sure all air is bled from system.
                    2. Air leak at power      2. Inspect components. Put a hand vacuum pump on the

steering supply hose, reservoir and verify that the system can keep a vacuum. reservoir or pump. System should not lose more than 1 psi in 2 minutes (make sure vacuum pump is sealed well to the reservoir). 3. Air leak at power 3. Inspect components. Place a hand vacuum pump with steering supply hose, Adapter 9688 on reservoir and verify that system can reservoir or pump. sustain vacuum. System should not lose more than 1 psi in 2 minutes (make sure vacuum pump is sealed well to the reservoir). Replace steering component as necessary.

RESERVOIR FLUID     1. Water contamination 1. Inspect fluid for milky appearance. Completely drain
OVERFLOW OR         of power steering fluid. power steering fluid. Refill and bleed system. See

MILKY IN COLOR

NOTE: * Extremely cold temperatures may cause power steering fluid aeration. The air should work its way out of the system as the fluid warms.

TORQUE CHART📷 1

Torque specifications

DESCRIPTION	N.m	Ft. Lbs.	In. Lbs.
Steering Wheel Bolt	54	40	-
Steering Column	17	-	150

Mounting Bolts Steering Column Coupler 53 39 - Bolt Intermediate Shaft Lower 12 9 106 Support Bearing Nuts Intermediate Shaft Lower 53 39 - Coupler Bolt Ignition Switch Screws 2 - 17

IGNITION SWITCH

SWITCH-IGNITION

The electrical ignition switch is located on the steering column. It is used as the main on/off switching device for most electrical components. The mechanical key cylinder is used to engage/disengage the electrical ignition switch.

ELECTRICAL DIAGNOSIS

For ignition switch electrical schematics, Refer to the appropriate service information for the component.

MECHANICAL DIAGNOSIS (KEY DIFFICULT TO ROTATE)

Vehicles equipped with an automatic transmission and a floor mounted shifter: a cable is used to connect the interlock device in the steering column assembly, to the transmission floor shift lever. This interlock system is used to lock the transmission shifter in the PARK position when the key cylinder is rotated to any position. If the ignition key is difficult to rotate to or from any position, it may not be the fault of the key cylinder or the steering column components. The brake transmission shift interlock cable may be out of adjustment. Refer to ADJUSTMENTS . The interlock system within the steering column is not serviceable. If repair is necessary, the steering column assembly must be replaced. See REMOVAL.

Vehicles equipped with a manual transmission and a floor mounted shifter: on certain models, a button is located on the steering column behind the ignition key cylinder. The button must be manually depressed to allow rotation of the ignition key cylinder to any position. If it is difficult to rotate the key to any position, the lever mechanism may be defective. This mechanism is not serviceable. If repair is necessary, the steering column assembly must be replaced. See REMOVAL.

SWITCH-IGNITION📷 1

1. Remove the steering column shrouds.

NOTE: The ignition key must be in the key cylinder for cylinder removal. The key cylinder must be removed first before removing ignition switch.

 2.   Remove lock cylinder. See REMOVAL.
 3.   Remove the multi-function switch.
 4.   Disconnect the electrical connector at the rear of the ignition switch.
 5.   Remove the ignition switch mounting screw (1). Use tamper proof Torx bit to remove the screw.

NOTE: Tilt arm (3) must be moved to allow removal of the switch.

6. Pull the ignition switch (2) straight out to remove from the locking tabs.

SWITCH-IGNITION📷 3

1. Before installing ignition switch (1), rotate the slot in the switch to the ON position (2).

NOTE: Tilt arm (3) must be moved to allow installation of the switch.

2. Position the switch (2) to the column and install tamper proof screw (1). Tighten screw to 2 N.m (17 in. lbs.). 3. Connect the electrical connector to rear of ignition switch. Make sure that locking tab is fully seated into wiring connector.

NOTE: The ignition key must be in the key cylinder for cylinder installation. The key cylinder must be aligned with the ignition switch for installation.

  4.   Install the lock cylinder. See INSTALLATION.
  5.   Test the operation of the lock cylinder for smooth rotating.
  6.   Install the multi-function switch.
  7.   Install steering column lower cover.

KEY-IN IGNITION SWITCH

SWITCH-KEY IN IGNITION

The key-in ignition switch is integral to the ignition switch, which is mounted on the left side of the steering column, opposite the ignition cylinder. It closes a path to ground for the instrument cluster chime warning circuitry when the ignition key is inserted in the ignition lock cylinder and the driver door jamb switch is closed (driver door is open). The key-in ignition switch opens the ground path when the key is removed from the ignition cylinder.

The key-in ignition switch cannot be repaired and, if faulty or damaged, the entire ignition switch must be replaced. See REMOVAL.

SWITCH-KEY-IN IGNITION

For circuit descriptions and diagrams, Refer to the appropriate service information on the individual components.

WARNING: On vehicles equipped with airbags, refer to RESTRAINTS - SERVICE INFORMATION article before attempting any steering wheel, steering column, or instrument panel component diagnosis or service. Failure to take the proper precautions could result in accidental airbag deployment and possible personal injury.

1. Disconnect and isolate the battery negative cable. Remove the steering column shrouds. Unplug the key- in ignition switch wire harness connector from the ignition switch. 2. Check for continuity between the key-in switch sense circuit and the left front door jamb switch sense

circuit terminals of the key-in ignition switch. There should be continuity with the key in the ignition cylinder, and no continuity with the key removed from the ignition cylinder. If OK, go to step 3. If not OK, replace the faulty ignition switch assembly. 3. Check for continuity between the left front door jamb switch sense circuit cavity of the key-in ignition switch wire harness connector and a good ground. There should be continuity with the driver door open, and no continuity with the driver door closed. If OK, see the diagnosis for Instrument Cluster in this service information. If not OK, repair the circuit to the driver door jamb switch as required.

KEY CYLINDER

CYLINDER-KEY📷 1

The ignition key (1) must be in the key cylinder (2) for cylinder removal. The key cylinder must be removed first before removing ignition switch.

1. If equipped with an automatic transmission, place shifter in PARK position. 2. Remove the shroud covers. 3. Remove the remote keyless entry (SKREEM) module. 4. Remove the halo ring around the cylinder. 5. Rotate key to RUN position. 6. A release pin is located on the bottom of the key cylinder (5) with the access hole on the top of the lock cylinder housing (3). 7. Position a small screwdriver or pin punch (4) into pin access hole (5). 8. Push the pin punch (5) up while pulling key cylinder (2) from lock cylinder housing (3).

CYLINDER-KEY📷 1

The ignition key (1) must be in the key cylinder (2) for cylinder installation.

1. Install the key cylinder (2) into the housing (3) using care to align the end of the key cylinder with the ignition switch. 2. Push the key cylinder (2) in until it clicks. 3. Rotate the key to the insert position. 4. Install the halo ring around the key cylinder housing. 5. Install the (SKREEM) module. 6. Install the shroud covers.

HOUSING-LOCK CYLINDER

LOCK CYLINDER HOUSING📷 5

1. Access and remove the Steering Column Control Module (SCCM) (3) from the steering column (2). Refer to REMOVAL .

2. Remove the screw (1) fastening the SKREEM/WCM (2) to the lock cylinder housing (3). 3. Unhook the SKREEM/WCM (2) retainer fingers from the lock cylinder housing (3) and remove it.

4. Insert the key (2) and turn the key cylinder (3) to the RUN position. 5. Insert an appropriate tool into the slot (1) formed into the lock cylinder housing depressing the key cylinder retaining tab. 6. Pull the key cylinder and key straight out of the lock cylinder housing as one unit.

7. Using a Tamper-Proof Torx® Plus (five point) 30 bit, remove the two screws (1) fastening the lock cylinder housing (2) to the column. 8. Remove the lock cylinder housing from the steering column.

9. Remove the ignition module (2) mounting screw (1).

10. Pull the module (1) straight out and off the retaining tabs (2) located on the lock cylinder housing.

LOCK CYLINDER HOUSING📷 6

NOTE: Ignition module must be installed prior to lock housing installation on column. Otherwise, the tilt lever will obstruct installation of ignition switch.

1. Ensure the ignition module is in the RUN position and the actuator shaft in the lock housing is in the RUN position. 2. Align the ignition module with the pin (3), actuator shaft and retaining tabs (2) located on the lock cylinder housing. Carefully install the module, snapping it into place over the retaining tabs.

3. Install the ignition module (2) mounting screw (1). Tighten the screw to 2 N.m (18 in. lbs.).

NOTE: Ignition module needs to be installed on lock cylinder housing before housing installation to clear tilt lever.

4. Position the lock cylinder housing in the RUN position. 5. Align the lock cylinder housing (2) with the steering column. 6. Install the two screws (1) fastening the lock cylinder housing (2) to the column. Tighten the screws to 12 N.m (110 in. lbs.).

7. Place the actuator in the lock cylinder housing to the RUN position (if not already there). 8. Insert the key into the key cylinder and turn the key cylinder to the RUN position. 9. Align the retaining tab on the key cylinder with the slot in the top of the lock cylinder housing.

10. Slide the key cylinder into the lock cylinder housing until the key cylinder retaining tab locks the cylinder into place. 11. Rotate the key back and forth (OFF to START), then remove and reinstall it, making sure the key cylinder and lock cylinder housing operate properly.

12. Slide the ring of the SKREEM/WCM (2) over the lock cylinder housing (3) and engage the retainer fingers in the recesses formed on the lock cylinder housing. 13. Install the screw (1) fastening the SKREEM/WCM (2) to the lock cylinder housing (3). Tighten the screw to 2.5 N.m (22 in. lbs.).

14. Install the Steering Column Control Module (SCCM) (3) and all components removed to access it. Refer

to INSTALLATION .📷 2

15. Check operation of all steering column mounted components.

INTERMEDIATE SHAFT

PROCEDURE.

2. Start the vehicle and heat system by steering lock-to-lock 5 times with the engine running at 3000 RPM. Do not hold the gear against the stops for more than 5 seconds at a time. 3. Return the engine to idle speed. 4. Listen for the noise when turning the wheel slowly off center during a dry park maneuver. 5. Replace power steering gear if the hiss or whistle is present. See REMOVAL.

TORQUE CHART📷 1

Torque specifications

DESCRIPTION	N.m	Ft. Lbs.	In. Lbs.
Rack and Pinion Steering	176	130	-

Gear to Frame Bolts Rack and Pinion Steering 53 39 - Gear Intermediate Shaft Bolt Intermediate Shaft Lower 12 9 106 Support Bearing Nuts

  Tie Rod End Knuckle 41 Plus an additional 90° 30 Plus an additional 90°                      -
           Nut                  turn                      turn

Tie Rod End Jam Nut	75	55	-
Power Steering Line	27	20	-

Pressure Line Power Steering Line 27 20 - Return Line

Special tools

TIE ROD END

STEERING LINKAGE📷 1

The tie rod end and ball stud seals should be inspected during all oil changes. If a seal is damaged, replace the tie rod.

CAUTION: If any steering components are replaced or serviced an alignment must be performed, to ensure the vehicle meets all alignment specifications.

TORQUE CHART📷 1

Torque specifications

DESCRIPTION	N.m	Ft. Lbs.	In. Lbs.
Power Steering Pump to	28	21	250

Engine Power Steering Pump 47 35 - Bracket to Engine

(DIESEL)📷 4

Power Steering Remote 12 9 105 Reservoir (DIESEL) Power Steering to Pump 31 23 275 Pressure Line Power Steering Pump 20 14 175 Pressure Line Bracket to Body (DIESEL) Power Steering Remote Reservoir Mounting 12 9 105 Bracket Screw (DIESEL) Power Steering Pulley to 28 21 250 Pump (DIESEL) Power Steering Fluid 4 3 35 Cooler Screws

Special tools

FLUID

RESERVOIR📷 1

Only the diesel engine reservoir (1) is serviced separately. The 3.7L & 4.0L power steering reservoirs are not serviced separately from the pump.

FLUID RESERVOIR - DIESEL📷 2

1.   Siphon out as much power steering fluid as possible.
  2.   Remove the power steering hoses (2).
  3.   Remove the bolt securing the reservoir (3) to the mounting bracket.
  4.   Remove the reservoir (1).

FLUID RESERVOIR - DIESEL📷 1

1 - FLUID RESERVOIR 2 - RETURN HOSES

  1.   Install the reservoir (1) to the mounting bracket.
  2.   Install and tighten the bolt to 12 N.m (9 ft. lbs.).
  3.   Install the hoses (2).
  4.   Refill the power steering fluid and check for leaks. See STANDARD PROCEDURE.