TiresWheels - Service Information

Radial runout is the difference between the high and low points on the tire or wheel.

Lateral runout is the wobble of the tire or wheel.

Lateral runout of more than 2.0 mm (.080 inch) measured near the shoulder of the tire may cause the vehicle to shake.

Radial runout of more than 1.5 mm (.060 inch) measured at the center line of the tread may cause the vehicle to shake.

Sometimes radial runout can be reduced. Relocate the wheel and tire assembly on the mounting studs (See METHOD 1). If this does not reduce runout to an acceptable level, the tire can be rotated on the wheel. (See

1. Drive vehicle 10-15 minutes at highway speed' to adequately warm tire to eliminate tire flat spotting from a parked position. 2. Check wheel bearings and adjust if adjustable or replace if necessary.

  3.   Check the wheel mounting surface.
  4.   Rotate wheel on the mounting, two studs over from the original position.
  5.   Tighten wheel nuts in a crossing pattern until all are properly torqued, to eliminate brake distortion.
  6.   Check radial runout. If still excessive, mark tire sidewall, wheel, and stud at point of maximum runout

and proceed to Method 2.

NOTE: Rotating the tire on wheel is particularly effective when there is runout in both tire and wheel.

1. Remove tire from wheel and mount wheel on service dynamic balance machine. 2. Check the wheel radial runout.

3. Check the wheel lateral runout. STEEL WHEELS: Radial runout 0.6096 mm (0.024 in.), Lateral runout 0.762 mm (0.030 in.) (maximum) ALUMINUM WHEELS: Radial runout 0.3556 mm (0.14 in.), Lateral runout 0.508 mm (0.020 in). (maximum) 4. If point of greatest wheel lateral runout is near original chalk mark, remount tire 180 degrees. Recheck runout.

Wheels and tires that are mounted means that the high spot of the tire is matched to the low spot on the wheel rim. Each are marked with a bright colored temporary label on the outboard surface for alignment. The wheel is also marked permanently on the inside of the rim in the tire well. This permanent mark may be a paint dot or line, a permanent label or a stamped impression such as an X. An optional location mark is a small spherical indentation on the vertical face of the outboard flange on some non styled base steel wheels. The tire must be removed to locate the permanent mark on the inside of the wheel.

Before dismounting a tire from its wheel, a reference mark should be placed on the tire at the valve stem location. This reference will ensure that it is remounted in the original position on the wheel.

1. Remove the tire and wheel assembly from the vehicle and mount on a service dynamic balance machine. 2. Measure the total runout on the center of the tire tread rib (3) with a dial indicator. Record the indicator

reading. Mark the tire to indicate the high spot (2). Place a mark on the tire at the valve stem (4) location (1).

3. Break down the tire and remount it 180 degrees on the rim (1)(2). 4. Measure the total indicator runout again. Mark the tire to indicate the high spot.

5. If runout is still excessive, the following procedures must be done. If the high spot is within 101.6 mm (4.0 in.) of the first spot and is still excessive, replace the tire. If the high spot is within 101.6 mm (4.0 in.) of the first spot on the wheel, the wheel may be out of

If the high spot is NOT within 101.6 mm (4.0 in.) of either high spot, draw an arrow on the tread from second high spot (1) to first (2). Break down the tire and remount it 90 degrees on rim in that direction. This procedure will normally reduce the runout to an acceptable amount, if not replace the rim.

It is recommended that a two plane service dynamic balancer be used when a tire and wheel assembly require balancing. Refer to balancer operation instructions for proper cone mounting procedures. Typically use front cone mounting method for steel wheels. For aluminum wheel use back cone mounting method without cone spring.

NOTE: Static should be used only when a two plane balancer is not available.

NOTE: Cast aluminum and forged aluminum wheels require coated balance weights and special alignment equipment.

Wheel balancing can be accomplished with either on or off vehicle equipment. When using on-vehicle balancing equipment, remove the opposite wheel/tire. Off-vehicle balancing is recommended.

NOTE: 20" wheels do not have an outer flange. Apply adhesive weights on midplane surface

For static balancing, find the location of the heavy spot (1) causing the imbalance (5). Counter balance wheel directly opposite the heavy spot. Determine weight required to counter balance the area of imbalance (4). Place half of this weight on the inner rim flange (3) and the other half on the outer rim flange (3).

For dynamic balancing (3), the balancing equipment is designed to locate the amount of weight to be applied to both the inner and outer rim flange (2).

The spare is a full usage wheel with a matching tire. It can be used within the (posted legal) speed limits or distance limitations as of the rest of the vehicles four tires. Refer to Owner's Manual for complete details.

Radial-ply tires are sensitive to force impulses caused by improper mounting, vibration, wheel defects, or possibly tire imbalance.

To find out if tires are causing the noise or vibration, drive the vehicle over a smooth road at varying speeds. Note the noise level during acceleration and deceleration. The engine, differential and exhaust noises will change as speed varies, while the tire noise will usually remain constant.

Use the following Vehicle Lead Diagnosis And Correction Chart to diagnose and correct a vehicle lead or drift problem.

NOTE: To determine the pressure thresholds for a vehicle, refer to the Tire Inflation Pressure (Placard) Label found on the Driver's B-Pillar, then apply the placard pressure to the following table.

Placard Pressure (Cold) Low Pressure ON Threshold Low Pressure OFF Threshold

Sensor/Transmitter Mounting Nut

SENSOR

Each sensor's (transmitter) broadcast is uniquely coded so that the wireless control module (WCM) can monitor the state of each of the sensors on the four rotating road wheels. The WCM can automatically learn and store

the sensor's ID while driving "within 10 minutes continuously above 15 m.p.h. (24 Km/h)" after a sensor has been replaced, The vehicle must be stationary for more then 20 minutes in order to initiate the learning sequence.

The sensor IDs can also be programmed using the TPM-RKE Analyzer Tool. Scan each TPM sensor at each road wheel, and store each Sensor ID in the correct location. (LEFT FRONT, LEFT REAR, RIGHT FRONT, and RIGHT REAR) Connect the TPM-RKE Analyzer Tool to the Scan Tool. Then follow the programming steps outlined in the diagnostic Scan Tool for "Program Tire Pressure Sensor ID w/ TPM Tool" under "MISC" for the "WCM/WIRELESS CONTROL MODULE".